Dental Fillings

A filling is the most conservative way to repair a tooth affected by dental caries. The decayed portion is removed, the remaining tooth is cleaned and shaped, and a restorative material is bonded or placed to seal the space. Because the surrounding tooth is left intact, fillings are typically the first option considered whenever enough healthy structure remains.

What a filling treats

• Cavities on chewing surfaces, between teeth, or at the gum line
• Small chips and worn areas that expose sensitive tooth structure
• Breakdown at the edge of an older restoration
• Root surface decay in areas of gum recession

Filling materials

• Composite resin — tooth-colored, bonded in place, and suitable for most small to moderate restorations. Careful isolation and technique matter for a lasting seal.
• Glass ionomer and resin-modified materials — often used near the gum line, in areas that are difficult to keep dry, or as an interim restoration.
• Amalgam — a long-documented, durable option for back teeth that remains in clinical use, though its silver appearance rules it out where a natural look is the priority.
• Laboratory inlays and onlays — a middle option between a filling and a full crown for larger areas of missing structure.

What the appointment involves

1. Examination and radiographs to confirm the depth and extent of decay
2. Local anesthetic when needed for comfort
3. Removal of decayed structure and preparation of the tooth
4. Placement, shaping, and curing of the restorative material
5. Bite check and polishing so the filling functions naturally

Some sensitivity to cold or pressure for a short period afterward is common, especially with deeper restorations. Sensitivity that worsens, throbbing pain, or a bite that feels high should be reported.

When a filling is not the right answer

If decay has reached the nerve, if the remaining walls of the tooth are too thin to support a filling, or if a fracture extends below the gum, a filling may fail quickly. In those situations a crown, root canal therapy, or extraction may be discussed instead. The comparison between these paths is covered in the guide on choosing between a crown, filling, or extraction.

What affects filling cost

Pricing varies based on the number of tooth surfaces involved, the material used, the depth of the cavity, whether additional diagnostic imaging is required, and dental benefit coverage. See the cost factors guide for how estimates are built. Detecting decay early through preventive care usually keeps treatment simpler.

Frequently asked questions about dental fillings

How do I know if I need a filling?

Early decay is often found on examination or radiographs before it causes symptoms. Sensitivity to sweets, cold, or pressure, a rough or catching edge, floss shredding in one spot, or a visible dark area can all indicate a cavity that needs evaluation.

How long does a filling last?

There is no fixed lifespan. Size and location of the filling, bite forces, grinding, diet, and daily hygiene all matter. Fillings are checked at routine exams for wear, margin breakdown, and new decay around the edges.

Can a cavity be reversed without a filling?

Very early enamel changes can sometimes be stabilized with improved hygiene, fluoride, and diet adjustments under professional monitoring. Once decay has broken through into the tooth structure, the damaged area does not regrow and restoration is needed.

Why would a crown be recommended instead of a filling?

When decay or an old restoration has left thin walls of remaining tooth, a filling can flex and lead to fracture. In those cases full coverage with a crown may protect the tooth better. The decision depends on how much sound structure is left.

Next step

If a tooth is sensitive or you suspect a cavity, request an appointment for an evaluation, or call to ask about dental care in Florence, Alabama.